This project investigates a collection of 17th-century maritime archaeological textiles that was found in a shipwreck at the bottom of the North Sea near Texel, which can be dated to the middle of the 17th century. Research on the chemical characterization of these textiles by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detector (UHPLC-PDA) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) helps verifying their origins as well as evaluating their condition in order to support decision-making on adequate preservation measures and conservation treatments.