N.K. (Nanette) Gartrell
Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Programme group: Preventive Youth Care
Area of expertise: Families of sexual and gender minoritized parents, Women’s mental health, LGBTQ+ mental health, sexual exploitation of patients by health professionals
Visiting address
- Nieuwe Achtergracht 127
Postal address
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Postbus 15776
1001 NG Amsterdam
Contact details
Social media
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Profile
Dr. Gartrell is a psychiatrist, researcher, and writer who served on the faculties of Harvard Medical School and the University of California, San Francisco. She is a Visiting Distinguished Scholar at the Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, and a Guest Appointee at the University of Amsterdam.
Her 56 years of scientific investigations have focused primarily on families of parents with minoritized sexual identities. In 1986, Dr. Gartrell began the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study, which is the largest, longest-running investigation of its kind, with a 90% retention rate to date.
She was also the principal investigator of groundbreaking investigations into sexual misconduct by physicians that led to a cleanup of professional ethics codes and the criminalization of sexual exploitation of patients.
Dr. Gartrell was one of the first 3 psychiatrists to speak out about the incoming president in 2016, and they contributed to all 4 editions of the bestselling book, The Dangerous Case of Donald Trump.
Research expertise
- Families of sexual and gender minoritized parents
- Women’s mental health
- LGBTQ+ mental health
- sexual exploitation of patients by health professionals
Media appearances
- Listed on NLLFS
Other links
- Research
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Publications
2025
Rothblum, E. D., Bos, H. M. W., Koh, A. S., Carone, N., & Gartrell, N. K. (2025). Adult offspring of lesbian parents reflect on having been donor conceived: Feelings about their sperm donor and donor siblings. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 14(1), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000256 [details]
2024
- Bos, H. M. W., Rothblum, E. D., Carone, N., Koh, A., & Gartrell, N. K. (2024). Psychological health and social support among offspring of lesbian parents at a time of anti-LGBTQ+ oppression. Psychology and Sexuality. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2024.2388252
- Carone, N., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A. S., Bos, H. M. W., & Gartrell, N. K. (2024). Sexual orientation and gender identity among donor-conceived offspring in the U.S. national longitudinal lesbian family study from adolescence to adulthood. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 21(2), 704-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-024-00945-0 [details]
- Rothblum, E. D., Bos, H. M. W., Carone, N., Koh, A. S., & Gartrell, N. K. (2024). Adults conceived via donor insemination by lesbian parents reflect on their own future parenting plans (and their own parents reflect on being grandparents). LGBTQ+ Family: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 20(1), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/27703371.2023.2254270 [details]
2023
- Bos, H. M. W., Carone, N., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A. S., & Gartrell, N. K. (2023). Long-term effects of family resilience on the subjective well-being of offspring in the National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(6), Article 5149. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065149 [details]
- Koh, A. S., Bos, H. M. W., Rothblum, E. D., Carone, N., & Gartrell, N. K. (2023). Donor sibling relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents. Human Reproduction, 38(11), 2166-2174. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dead175 [details]
- Koh, A. S., Rothblum, E. D., Bos, H. M. W., Carone, N., & Gartrell, N. K. (2023). Sperm donor relations among adult offspring conceived via insemination by lesbian parents. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2023.2227867
2022
- Assink, M., Rothblum, E. D., Wilson, B. D. M., Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. M. W. (2022). Mental Health of Lesbian, Bisexual, and Other-Identified Parents and Non-Parents from a Population-Based Study. Journal of homosexuality, 69(2), 205-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2021.1892401 [details]
- Carone, N., Gartrell, N. K., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A. S., & Bos, H. M. W. (2022). Helicopter parenting, emotional avoidant coping, mental health, and homophobic stigmatization among emerging adult offspring of lesbian parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 36(7), 1205-1215. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001020 [details]
- Everett, B. G., Bos, H., Carone, N., Gartrell, N., & Hughes, T. L. (2022). Examining differences in alcohol and smoking behaviors between parenting and nonparenting lesbian women. Substance Use and Misuse, 57(9), 1442-1449. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2022.2091145 [details]
- Zarr, S., Carone, N., Gartrell, N., Koh, A., & Bos, H. (2022). Concerns of emerging adults who were born and raised in planned lesbian-parent families. Children and Youth Services Review, 136, Article 106430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106430 [details]
2021
- Bos, H., Carone, N., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A., & Gartrell, N. (2021). Long-Term Effects of Homophobic Stigmatization During Adolescence on Problem Behavior in Emerging Adult Offspring of Lesbian Parents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(6), 1114-1125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01364-1 [details]
- Carone, N., Gartrell, N. K., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A. S., & Bos, H. M. W. (2021). The stability of psychological adjustment among donor-conceived offspring in the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study from childhood to adulthood: differences by donor type. Fertility and Sterility, 115(5), 1302-1311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.012 [details]
- Carone, N., Rothblum, E. D., Bos, H. M. W., Gartrell, N. K., & Herman, J. L. (2021). Demographics and health outcomes in a U.S. probability sample of transgender parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000776 [details]
2020
- Bos, H., & Gartrell, N. (2020). Lesbian-mother families formed through donor insemination. In A. E. Goldberg, & K. R. Allen (Eds.), LGBTQ-Parent Families: Innovations in research and implications for practice (2nd ed., pp. 25-44). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35610-1_2 [details]
- Bos, H., Koh, A. S., van Beusekom, G., Rothblum, E. D., & Gartrell, N. (2020). Meaning in life as a moderator between homophobic stigmatization and coping styles in adult offspring from planned lesbian-parent families. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 17(4), 594-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00417-w [details]
- Bos, H., van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., & Gartrell, N. (2020). Self-esteem and problem behavior in Dutch adolescents conceived through sperm donation in planned lesbian families. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 24(1), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2019.1625671 [details]
- Koh, A. S., van Beusekom, G., Gartrell, N. K., & Bos, H. (2020). Adult offspring of lesbian parents: how do they relate to their sperm donors? Fertility and Sterility, 114(4), 879-887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.010 [details]
2019
- Gartrell, N., Bos, H., & Koh, A. (2019). Sexual attraction, sexual identity, and same-sex sexual experiences of adult offspring in the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48(5), 1495-1503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1434-5 [details]
- Gartrell, N., Rothblum, E. D., Koh, A. S., van Beusekom, G., & Bos, H. (2019). “We Were Among the First Non-traditional Families”: Thematic Perceptions of Lesbian Parenting After 25 Years. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, Article 2414. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02414 [details]
- Koh, A. S., Bos, H. M. W., & Gartrell, N. K. (2019). Predictors of mental health in emerging adult offspring of lesbian-parent families. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 23(2), 257-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2018.1555694 [details]
2018
- Bos, H. M. W., Kuyper, L., & Gartrell, N. K. (2018). A population-based comparison of female and male same-sex parent and different-sex parent households. Family Process, 57(1), 148-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12278 [details]
- Gartrell, N., Bos, H., & Koh, A. (2018). National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study — Mental Health of Adult Offspring. The New England journal of medicine, 379(3), 297-299. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1804810 [details]
- Kuyper, L., Bos, H., & Gartrell, N. (2018). Twee moeders, twee vaders of een vader en een moeder: Verschillen in welzijn en opvoeden op basis van een bevolkingsonderzoek. Pedagogiek, 38(2), 145-168. https://doi.org/10.5117/PED2018.2.003.KUYP [details]
- van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. (2018). Het psychologisch welbevinden van Nederlandse adolescenten met lesbische moeders die gebruik maakten van een bekende, niet-anonieme of anonieme spermadonor: Is donortype belangrijk? Pedagogiek, 38(2), 169- 187. https://doi.org/10.5117/PED2018.2.004.RIJN [details]
2016
- Bos, H. M. W., Knox, J. R., van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., & Gartrell, N. K. (2016). Same-sex and different-sex parent households and child health outcomes: Findings from the national survey of children's health. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, 37(3), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000288 [details]
2015
- Bos, H., van Gelderen, L., & Gartrell, N. (2015). Lesbian and heterosexual two-parent families: adolescent-parent relationship quality and adolescent well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 1031-1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9913-8 [details]
- Gartrell, N. K., Bos, H., Goldberg, N. G., Deck, A., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2015). Satisfaction with known, open-identity, or unknown sperm donors: reports from lesbian mothers of 17-year-old adolescents. Fertility and Sterility, 103(1), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.019 [details]
- van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., Bos, H. M. W., & Gartrell, N. K. (2015). Dutch adolescents from lesbian-parent families: How do they compare to peers with heterosexual parents and what is the impact of homophobic stigmatization? Journal of Adolescence, 40, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.01.005 [details]
2013
- Bos, H., Gartrell, N., & van Gelderen, L. (2013). Adolescents in lesbian families: DSM-oriented scale scores and stigmatization. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 25(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2013.782456 [details]
- Bos, H., Gartrell, N., Roeleveld, J., & Ledoux, G. (2013). Civic competence of children in female same-sex parent families: A comparison with children of opposite-sex parents. Youth and Society, 48(5), 628-648. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X13502366 [details]
- van Gelderen, L., Gartrell, N. N., Bos, H. M. W., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2013). Stigmatization and promotive factors in relation to psychological health and life satisfaction of adolescents in planned lesbian families. Journal of Family Issues, 34(6), 809-827. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12447269 [details]
2012
- Bos, H., Goldberg, N., van Gelderen, L., & Gartrell, N. (2012). Adolescents of the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: male role models, gender role traits, and psychological adjustment. Gender & Society, 26(4), 603-638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243212445465 [details]
- Bos, H., van Gelderen, L., & Gartrell, N. (2012). Veerkracht bij kinderen met lesbische moeders: een nieuw onderzoeksperspectief. In K. Van Leeuwen, & H. Van Crombrugge (Eds.), Gezinnen in soorten (pp. 197-214). Garant. [details]
- Gartrell, N. K., Bos, H. M. W., & Goldberg, N. G. (2012). New trends in same-sex sexual contact for American adolescents? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(1), 5-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9883-5 [details]
- Gartrell, N., Bos, H. M. W., Peyser, H., Deck, A., & Rodas, C. (2012). Adolescents with lesbian mothers describe their own lives. Journal of homosexuality, 59(9), 1211-1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.720499 [details]
- Gartrell, N., Peyser, H., & Bos, H. (2012). Planned lesbian families: a review of the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study. In D. M. Brodzinsky, & A. Pertman (Eds.), Adoption by lesbians and gay men: a new dimension in family diversity (pp. 112-129). New York: Oxford University Press. [details]
- Leddy, A., Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. M. W. (2012). Growing up in a lesbian family: the life experiences of the adult daughters and sons of lesbian mothers. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 8(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2012.677233 [details]
- van Gelderen, L., Bos, H. M. W., Gartrell, N., Hermanns, J., & Perrin, E. C. (2012). Quality of life of adolescents raised from birth by lesbian mothers: the US National Longitudinal Family Study. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics, 33(1), 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31823b62af [details]
- van Gelderen, L., Gartrell, N., Bos, H. M. W., van Rooij, F. B., & Hermanns, J. M. A. (2012). Stigmatization associated with growing up in a lesbian-parented family: what do adolescents experience and how do they deal with it? Children and Youth Services Review, 34(5), 999-1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.048 [details]
2011
- Bos, H. M. W., & Gartrell, N. K. (2011). Adolescents of the US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: the impact of having a known or an unknown donor on the stability of psychological adjustment. Human Reproduction, 26(3), 630-637. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deq359 [details]
- Gartrell, N. K., Bos, H. M. W., & Goldberg, N. G. (2011). Adolescents of the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: sexual orientation, sexual behavior, and sexual risk exposure. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(6), 1199-1209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9692-2 [details]
- Gartrell, N., Bos, H., Peyser, H., Deck, A., & Rodas, C. (2011). Family characteristics, custody arrangements, and adolescent psychological well-being after lesbian mothers break up. Family Relations, 60(5), 572-585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00667.x [details]
- Goldberg, N. G., Bos, H. M. W., & Gartrell, N. (2011). Substance use by adolescents of the USA National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(8), 1231-1240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311403522 [details]
2010
- Bos, H., & Gartrell, N. (2010). Adolescents of the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: can family characteristics counteract the negative effects of stigmatization? Family Process, 49(4), 559-572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01340.x [details]
- Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. (2010). The US National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study: psychological adjustment of the 17-year-old adolescents. Pediatrics, 126(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-3153 [details]
2009
- van Gelderen, L., Gartrell, N., Bos, H., & Hermanns, J. (2009). Stigmatization and resilience in adolescent children of lesbian mothers. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 5(3), 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/15504280903035761 [details]
2008
- Bos, H. M. W., Gartrell, N. K., Peyser, H., & van Balen, F. (2008). The USA National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study (NLLFS): homophobia, psychological adjustment, and protective factors. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 12(4), 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160802278630 [details]
- Bos, H. M. W., Gartrell, N. K., van Balen, F., Peyser, H., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2008). Children in planned lesbian families: a cross-cultural comparison between the United States and the Netherlands. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(2), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012711 [details]
2018
- Gartrell, N., & Bos, H. (2018). The children of same-sex parents: Are they well-adjusted?. Web publication or website, Pediatrics for parents. https://pedsforparents.com/2017/10/27/the-children-of-same-sex-parents-are-they-well-adjusted/ [details]
2016
- Bos, H. M. W., van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., van de Bongardt, D., van Beusekom, G., & Gartrell, N. K. (2016). How lesbian mothers prepare adolescents for homophobic stigmatization. Paper presented at 31st International Congress of Psychology (ICP), Yokohama, Japan.
2015
- Bos, H. M. W., Gartrell, N. K., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2015). Male role models for adolescents in lesbian- and heterosexual-parent families. Paper presented at American Psychological Association's 123rd Annual Convention (APA) 2015, Toronto, Canada.
- Bos, H. M. W., van Rijn-van Gelderen, L., & Gartrell, N. K. (2015). Satisfaction with known, open-identity, or unknown sperm donors: reports from lesbian mothers of 17-year-old adolescents. Paper presented at International Convention of Psychological Science (ICPS) 2015, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Others
- Assink, M. (organiser), Rothblum, E. (participant), Wilson, B. (participant), Gartrell, N. (participant) & Bos, H. (participant) (6-8-2020 - 9-8-2020). American Psychological Association's Annual Convention 2020. Mental health of lesbian, bisexual, and other-identified parents and non-parents from a population-based study.This presentation on mental health and (…) (participating in a conference, workshop, ...). https://convention.apa.org/
- Bos, H. (participant), Koh, A. (participant) & Gartrell, N. (participant) (8-8-2019 - 11-8-2019). American Psychological Association Convention, Chicago. Sexual attraction, orientation, and same-sex experiences of adults born into lesbian mother families (poster presentation) (participating in a conference, workshop, ...).
- Bos, H. (participant), Gartrell, N. (participant) & Koh, A. (participant) (8-8-2019 - 11-8-2019). American Psychological Association Convention (other).
- Gartrell, N. (participant), Bos, H. (participant) & Koh, A. (participant) (7-8-2019 - 11-8-2019). Women in Medicine. Sexual Attraction, Sexual Identity, and Same-sex Sexual Experiences of Adult Offspring in the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study (oral (…) (participating in a conference, workshop, ...).
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Ancillary activities
No ancillary activities
Rothblum, E. D., Bos, H. M. W., Koh, A. S., Carone, N., & Gartrell, N. K. (2025). Adult offspring of lesbian parents reflect on having been donor conceived: Feelings about their sperm donor and donor siblings. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 14(1), 16-28.