Dr. E. (Els) de Busser PhD
Faculty of Law
Information Law
Visiting address
- Nieuwe Achtergracht 166
- Room number: 5.18
Postal address
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Postbus 15514
1001 NA Amsterdam
Contact details
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Publications
2025
Del-Real, C., De Busser, E., & van den Berg, B. (2025). A systematic literature review of security and privacy by design principles, norms, and strategies for digital technologies. International Review of Law Computers & Technology, 39(3), 374–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600869.2025.2457227 [details]
2024
- Mirzaei, P., & De Busser, E. (2024). The New F-word: The case of fragmentation in Dutch cybersecurity governance. Computer Law & Security Review, 55, Article 106032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106032 [details]
2022
- Broeders, D., de Busser, E., Cristiano, F., & Tropina, T. (2022). Revisiting past cyber operations in light of new cyber norms and interpretations of international law: inching towards lines in the sand? Journal of Cyber Policy, 7(1), 97–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/23738871.2022.2041061
2020
- de Busser, E. (2020). Bescherming van persoonsgegevens bij verbonden politionele databanken. Cahiers Politiestudies, 55, 65-77.
2018
- de Busser, E. (2018). EU-US Digital Data Exchange to Combat Financial Crime: Fast is the New Slow. German Law Journal, 19, 1251-1268. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56330ad3e4b0733dcc0c8495/t/5bb16ed9e5e5f08a8c7c5a46/1538354907737/Vol_19_No_05_EU_Security_Governance_full_issue.pdf
- de Busser, E. (2018). The Digital Unfitness of Mutual Legal Assistance. Security and Human Rights, 28, 161-179. https://doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02801008
- de Busser, E., & Herlin Karnell, E. (2018). EU Security Governance and Financial Crimes. German Law Journal, 19, 1117-1124. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56330ad3e4b0733dcc0c8495/t/5bb16ed9e5e5f08a8c7c5a46/1538354907737/Vol_19_No_05_EU_Security_Governance_full_issue.pdf
2017
- de Busser, E. (2017). Flagrant Denial of Data Protection - Redefining the Adequacy Requirement. In D. Svantesson D.; Kloza (Ed.), European Integration and Democracy (2017 ed., pp. 431-451). Intersentia.
2016
- de Busser, E. (2016). Private Companies and the Transfer of Data to Law Enforcement Authorities: Challenges for Data Protection. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 3, 478-494.
2015
- de Busser, E. (2015). Increased Involvement of Private Companies in Criminal Investigations in the EU. In I. Colomer Hernandez, & S. Oubina Barbolla (Eds.), La Transmisión de Datos Personales en el Seno de la Cooperación Judicial Penal y Policial en la Unión Europea (pp. 403-418). Thomson Reuters Aranzadi.
2013
- de Busser, E. (2013). Privatization of Information and the Data Protection Reform. In S. Gutwirth (Ed.), Computers, Privacy and Data Protection – Reloading Data Protection (pp. 129-149). Springer.
2011
- de Busser, E. (2011). The Adequacy of an EU-US Partnership. In S. Gutwirth (Ed.), European data protection: in good health? (pp. 185-202). Springer.
2010
- de Busser, E. (2010). EU data protection in transatlantic cooperation in criminal matters: Will the EU be serving its citizens an American meal? Utrecht Law Review, 6, 86-100.
- de Busser, E., & Vermeulen, G. (2010). Towards a coherent EU policy on outgoing data transfers for use in criminal matters? The adequacy requirement and the framework decision on data protection in criminal matters. A transatlantic exercise in adequacy. In M. Cools (Ed.), EU and International Crime Control, GOFS Research Paper Series (pp. 95-122). Maklu Publishers.
2009
- de Busser, E. (2009). Purpose limitation in EU-US data exchange in criminal matters: the remains of the day. In M. Cools (Ed.), Readings on Criminal Justice Criminal Law & Policing, GOFS Research Paper Series (pp. 163-201). Maklu Publishers.
2025
- de Busser, E. (2025). Human Rights in Technology -- A Need for a New Norm. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 57(1), 109-138. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol57/iss1/7/
2021
- de Busser, E. (2021). Belgium. In M. Engelhart, & M. Arslan (Eds.), Verbrechensbekämpfung durch Nachrichtendienste - Intelligence Services and Crime control Max Planck Gesellschaft.
2020
- de Busser, E. (2020). Belgium. In E. Kiesow-Cortez (Ed.), Data Protection around the World (pp. 7-21) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-407-5
2019
- de Busser, E. (2019). Interoperabiliteit en gegevensbescherming. Web publication or website
2018
- de Busser, E. (2018). Where are my data and why does that matter?. Web publication or website, . https://www.leidensafetyandsecurityblog.nl/articles/where-are-my-data-and-why-does-that-matter
2017
- de Busser, E. (2017). Adequate Transatlantic Data Exchange in the Shadow of the NSA-Affair. In R. Miller (Ed.), Privacy and Power (pp. 615-640). Cambridge University Press.
- de Busser, E. (2017). Gegevensbescherming in Strafzaken: Nieuwe rechtsinstrumenten in een nieuwe realiteit. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Europees Recht.
2016
- de Busser, E. (2016). Europese gegevensuitwisseling in strafzaken anders bekeken. Nederlands Juristenblad, 16, 1099-1106.
2015
- de Busser, E. (2015). Confiscation and Data Protection – The Bare Necessities. In Non-Conviction-Based Confiscation in Europe: Schriftenreihe des Max-Planck-Instituts für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht (Vol. 146, pp. 191-209). Duncker and Humblot.
- de Busser, E. (2015). The Lisbon After-Burn Effect. ERA Forum.
2017
- de Busser, E. (2017). The Conflict Between Protecting Privacy and Securing Nations. In Big Data: A Twenty-First Century Arms Race (pp. 5-16). Atlantic Council.
2023
- Del Real, C., & de Busser, E. (2023). Defining security by design: A Stakeholder Perspective, Cyber Security by Integrated Design project report. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10262820
2021
- van Steen, T., & de Busser, E. (2021). Security by behavioural design: A Rapid Review.
2020
- Broeders, D., Pawlak, P., & de Busser, E. (2020). Three tales of attribution in cyberspace: criminal law, international law and policy debates.
2017
- de Busser, E. (2017). "Recommendation 13, d", Voluntary, Non-Binding Norms for Responsible State Behaviour in the Use of Information and Communications Technology: A Commentary. https://www.un.org/disarmament/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Civil-Society-2017.pdf
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Ancillary activities
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Int. Centre for Counter Terrorism (ICCT)
Associate Fellow Rule of Law Responses to Terrorism -
Meijers Commissie
onafhankelijke commissie van experten ovv vluchtelingen, migratie- en strafrecht -
Siracusa International Institute
Lid van de Board of Directors van het Siracusa International Institute
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Int. Centre for Counter Terrorism (ICCT)
Del-Real, C., De Busser, E., & van den Berg, B. (2025). A systematic literature review of security and privacy by design principles, norms, and strategies for digital technologies. International Review of Law Computers & Technology, 39(3), 374–405.