International criminal justice is under pressure. Powerful actors, from Washington to Moscow, have launched virulent attacks on its institutions, while liberal and progressive forces increasingly defend them as essential to a rule-based international order. At the same time, international criminal law has become a particularly powerful language through which demands for justice are articulated in response to mass violence, war and genocide around the world. However, critical voices also question the scope and impact of this legal discourse in terms of structural societal transformation. What might justice look like when approached through repair and restitution instead of punishment and retribution?